Maria Grazia Giammarinaro

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How the nexus between Trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and Conflict related sexual violence should be codified? Should violence and exploitation be conflated?

The war in Ukraine stemming from large-scale Russian invasion of the country and all conflicts underway worldwide raise again and again the issue of the nexus between trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation (TiP-S) and conflict related sexual violence (CRSV). There is clear evidence that sexual violence has been systematically perpetrated during all recent […]

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NO to an EU Directive without rape

Rape was cancelled from the EU Directive on violence against women (VAW), according to a political agreement reached on 6 February. This is due to a decision of the European Council, in which governments are represented, and whose agreement is necessary to pass EU legislation. The current text – without Article 5 on rape – […]

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Deconstructing a victimising narrative of women’s lives

Autonomy and vulnerability in migration, through an intersectional and human rights-based approach Padova – 5, 12, 18, 19 April 2023 Maria Grazia Giammarinaro Summary Lesson 1 – Women in migration. Intersectional vulnerability and agency Women are around half of the migrant populations worldwide. The concept of “feminisation of migration” is not accurate. Between 1960 and […]

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HR monitoring trends: evolutionary interpretation, intersectional approach and fact-finding methodologies

My reflections are mostly based on my experience as United Nations Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons especially women and children, from 2014 to 2020.1 Special Procedures, including Special Rapporteurs and Working Groups, are independent human rights experts, mandated to report and advise on human rights from a thematic or country-specific perspective2. Special Procedures are not […]

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Situational Vulnerability in Supranational and Italian Legislation

How to identify situations of abuse of vulnerability, which are constitutive of severe labour exploitation? https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fhumd.2022.861600/full

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Understanding Exploitation Requires a Human Rights and Gender-Sensitive Intersectional Approach

My analysis of women’s exploitation in agriculture, domestic/care work, and sex work, shows that intersectional factors produce various types of exploitation that are highly gendered. Women’s subordinate position in patriarchal societies, domestic and sexual violence, intertwined with racial, ethnic, national or migration related vulnerability factors, can lead to serious exploitation, often coupled with sexual harassment […]

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The victim’s consent in international law and case-law

VIENNA, 8 November 2021  – KEY-NOTE SPEECH – THE VICTIM’S CONSENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND CASE-LAW by Maria Grazia Giammarinaro I will focus on three aspects related to the issue of consent in international law and case-law.  The relevance of consent for the legal qualification of a case The link between consent and abuse of a […]

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Proud to have spoken at the launch of Talitha Kum’s CALL TO ACTION

TO CARE is an important word for all women. In the traditional division ofwork, social reproduction is the sphere assigned to women. However, thisdestiny designed by patriarchal social norms has become for women asource of inspiration, competence and ethical positioning.In the context of trafficking in persons, when victims and people at riskunderstand that someone is […]

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Revising EU Directive on human trafficking? For bad or good reasons?

Directive 2011/36/EU is not fully and correctly implemented, especially concerning its most innovative aspects on victims’ rights. Therefore, I’m convinced that its implementation should remain a priority.  The main reason why a number of actors are calling for a revision of Directive 2011/36/EU, is the idea of making the provision on demand under art.18(4) binding. […]

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G20 governments must address violence embedded in women’s exploitation

Violence against women is not an issue regarding women only, but the society as a whole. It must be considered a global emergency, taking into account the enormous amount of deaths, physical and psychological wounds, and gross human rights violations. No other serious crime has been so overlooked for such a long time in human […]

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